• Called of Jesus Christ (Rom. 1:6)

  • Beloved of God (Rom. 1:7)

  • Called as saints [holy ones] (Rom. 1:7)

  • Hearts circumcised by the Spirit, not the Law (Rom. 2:29)

  • Praised by God, not by men (Rom. 2:29)

  • Have the righteousness of God through faith in Christ (Rom. 3:22)

  • Have sinned (Rom. 3:23)

  • Have fallen short of the glory of God (Rom. 3:23)

  • Now justified by God's gift of grace (Rom. 3:24)

  • Now redeemed through Christ (Rom. 3:24)

  • The visible demonstration on earth of God's righteousness (Rom. 3:26)

  • Justified by faith, not works (Rom. 3:28)

  • Lawless deeds are forgiven (Rom. 4:7)

  • Sins are covered (Rom. 4:7)

  • Sin is not taken into account (Rom. 4:8)

  • Follow the faith of Abraham (Rom. 4:12)

  • Promised righteousness (Rom. 4:16)

  • Justified by faith (Rom. 5:1)

  • Have peace with God (Rom. 5:1)

  • Stand in God's grace (Rom. 5:2)

  • Rejoice in hope of God’s praise (Rom. 5:2)

  • Rejoice in persecution (Rom. 5:3)

  • In whose hearts & minds the love of God has been poured out (Rom. 5:5)

  • Given the Spirit (Rom. 5:5)

  • Formerly helpless [weak, feeble] (Rom. 5:6)

  • Formerly ungodly (Rom. 5:6)

  • Formerly sinners (Rom. 5:8)

  • Now justified by Christ's blood (Rom. 5:9)

  • Will be saved from God's wrath (Rom. 5:9)

  • Were God's enemies (Rom. 5:10)

  • Shall be saved (Rom. 5:10)

  • Reconciled to God (Rom. 5:10)

  • Exult in God (Rom. 5:11)

  • Received abundance of grace (Rom. 5:17)

  • Will reign through Christ (Rom. 5:17)

  • Formerly condemned (Rom. 5:18)

  • Now have life (Rom. 5:18)

  • Were made sinners (Rom. 5:19)

  • Will be made righteous (Rom. 5:19)

  • Have died to Sin (Rom. 6:2)

  • No longer live in Sin (Rom. 6:2)

  • Baptized into Christ (Rom. 6:3)

  • Baptized into Christ's death (Rom. 6:3)

  • Buried with Christ into death (Rom. 6:4)

  • Walk in newness of life (Rom. 6:4)

  • Died with Christ (Rom. 6:5)

  • Will be raised like Christ was (Rom. 6:5)

  • Old Self was crucified with Christ (Rom. 6:6)

  • Body of Sin made powerless (Rom. 6:6)

  • No longer servants to Sin (Rom. 6:6)

  • Dead to sin (Rom. 6:7)

  • Freed from Sin (Rom. 6:7)

  • Died with Christ (Rom. 6:8)

  • Shall live with Christ (Rom. 6:8)

  • Alive from the dead (Rom. 6:13)

  • Instruments of righteousness (Rom. 6:13)

  • Not under law (Rom. 6:14)

  • Under grace (Rom. 6:14)

  • Sin is not master (Rom. 6:14)

  • Not servants of Sin (Rom. 6:18)

  • Servants of righteousness (Rom. 6:18)

  • Weak in own strength (Rom. 6:19)

  • Formerly servants of Sin (Rom. 6:20)

  • Formerly not ruled by righteousness (Rom. 6:20)

  • Now freed from Sin (Rom. 6:22)

  • Now servants to God (Rom. 6:22)

  • Have received holiness leading to eternal life (Rom. 6:22)

  • Made to die to the Law through the body of Christ (Rom. 7:4)

  • Joined to Christ (Rom. 7:4)

  • Might bear fruit for God (Rom. 7:4)

  • Formerly in the flesh (Rom. 7:5)

  • Formerly bore fruit for death (Rom. 7:5)

  • Released from the Law (Rom. 7:6)

  • Have died to the Law (Rom. 7:6)

  • Not bound by the Law (Rom. 7:6)

  • Serve in newness of the Spirit [not oldness of the letter] (Rom. 7:6)

    (For the following characteristics, see the Addendum on Romans 7 below regarding alternative views)

  • Came to know sin through the Law (Rom. 7:7)

  • Formerly

    • In whom Sin was alive because of the Law (Rom. 7:9)

    • Condemned to death by the Law (Rom. 7:9-10)

    • Deceived by sin and killed by the Law (Rom. 7:11)

    • Of the flesh [without strength] (Rom. 7:14)

    • Sold into bondage to sin (Rom. 7:14)

    • Without understanding (Rom. 7:15)

    • Unable to attain righteousness (Rom. 7:15)

    • Demonstrated by disobedience that the Law is good (Rom. 7:16)

    • Sin dwelt within, producing unrighteousness (Rom. 7:17)

    • Nothing good dwelt within (Rom. 7:18)

    • Conflicted (Rom. 7:18-25)

    • Desired to be righteous but unable (Rom. 7:18)

    • Could not practice righteousness (Rom. 7:19)

    • Could only practice evil (Rom. 7:19)

    • Sin dwelt within (Rom. 7:20)

    • Forced by sin to pursue unrighteousness (Rom. 7:20)

    • Evil present within (Rom. 7:21)

    • Joyfully agreed in the inner man [with the heart] with the Law’s condemnation (Rom. 7:22)

    • Had an opposing law that waged war against the heart’s desires (Rom. 7:23)

    • Imprisoned by the law of sin within (Rom. 7:23)

    • A wretched man (Rom. 7:24)

    • Served the Law of God with the mind, but served the law of Sin with the flesh [in weakness] (Rom. 7:25)

  • Now

    • Not condemned by the Law through Jesus Christ (Rom. 7:25a, 8:1)

    • Set free by the Spirit of life in Christ from the law of sin and of death (Rom. 8:2)

    • In whom sin has been condemned [cut off, removed] (Rom. 8:3)

    • In whom the requirement of the Law for righteousness is fulfilled (Rom. 8:4)

    • Do not now walk according to the flesh (Rom. 8:4)

    • Now walk according to the Spirit (Rom. 8:4)

    • Mind is not set on things of the flesh (Rom. 8:5)

    • Mind is set on the things of the Spirit (Rom. 8:5)

    • Mind is not set on death (Rom. 8:6)

    • Mind is set on life and peace (Rom. 8:6)

    • Not in the flesh (Rom. 8:9)

    • In the Spirit (Rom. 8:9)

    • In whom the Spirit of God dwells (Rom. 8:9)

  • Christ is in the body (Rom. 8:10)

  • Physical body is dead because of sin (Rom. 8:10)

  • Spirit is alive because of righteousness (Rom. 8:10)

  • Not obligated to the flesh (Rom. 8:12)

  • Not obligated to live according to the flesh (Rom. 8:12)

  • Obligated to the Spirit (Rom. 8:12) [implied]

  • Obligated to live according to the Spirit (Rom. 8:12) [implied]

  • Led by the Spirit (Rom. 8:14)

  • Sons of God (Rom. 8:14)

  • Do not have a spirit of slavery leading to fear (Rom. 8:15)

  • Adopted by God through the Spirit (Rom. 8:15)

  • Children of God (Rom. 8:16)

  • Heirs of God (Rom. 8:17)

  • Fellow heirs with Christ (Rom. 8:17)

  • Suffer with Christ (Rom. 8:17)

  • Will be glorified with Christ (Rom. 8:17)

  • Have the first fruits of adoption through the Spirit (Rom. 8:23)

  • Physical body will be redeemed (Rom. 8:23)

  • Saved in hope (Rom. 8:24)

  • Foreknown by God (Rom. 8.29)

  • Predestined to be conformed to the image of God’s Son (Rom. 8:29)

  • Called by God (Rom. 8:29)

  • Justified (Rom. 8:30)

  • Glorified (Rom. 8:30)

  • Inseparable from God (Rom. 8:35)

  • Put to death all day long (Rom. 8:36)

  • Considered as sheep to be slaughtered (Rom. 8:36)

  • Exercise rule over enemies (Rom. 8:37)

  • Of Israel (Rom. 9:6)

  • Children of the promise (Rom. 9:8)

  • Abraham’s descendants (Rom. 9:7)

  • Molded by God (Rom. 9:20)

  • Clay in the Potter’s hands (Rom. 9:21)

  • Were vessels of wrath prepared for destruction (Rom. 9:22)

  • Now vessels of mercy prepared beforehand for glory (Rom. 9:23)

  • Called by God (Rom. 9:24)

  • Was not His people but now His people (Rom. 9:25)

  • Was not beloved but now beloved (Rom. 9:25)

  • Called sons of the living God (Rom. 9:26)

  • A remnant to be saved (Rom. 9:27)

  • The posterity of the promised covenant (Rom. 9:29)

  • Have laid hold of righteousness by faith (Rom. 9:30)

  • Believes in Christ (Rom. 9:33)

  • Not put to shame (Rom. 9:33)

  • Subjected to the righteousness of God (Rom. 10:3)

  • Received righteousness through Christ (Rom. 10:4)

  • Heart & mouth filled with faith (Rom. 10:8)

  • Those who call on the Lord (Rom. 10:13)

  • Saved (Rom. 10:13)

  • Have heard the word of faith (Rom. 10:18)

  • Have found God (Rom. 10:19)

  • To whom God revealed Himself (Rom. 10:19)

  • Chosen by God (Rom. 11:7)

  • Saved by our transgression (Rom. 11:11)

  • Holy because Christ is holy (Rom. 11:16)

  • A wild olive tree grafted into a holy root (Rom. 11:17)

  • Partaker of the rich root of the olive tree (Rom. 11:17

  • Supported by Christ (Rom. 11:18)

  • Stand by faith (Rom. 11:20)

  • Recipient of God’s kindness (Rom. 11:22)

  • Cut off [away from] what is by nature a wild olive tree [the body of Sin/Satan] (Rom. 11:24)

  • Grafted into a cultivated olive tree [the body of Christ] (Rom. 11:24)

  • Once disobedient to [did not follow) God (Rom. 11:30)

  • Now received mercy from God (Rom. 11:31)

  • Were shut up in disobedience by God (Rom. 11:32)

  • Individually members of one body (Rom. 12:4)

  • One body in Christ (Rom. 12:5)

  • Individually members of one another (Rom. 12:5)

  • Individually have gifts according to the grace given each (Rom. 12:6)

  • Accepted by God (Rom. 14:3)

  • Do not live or die for ourselves (Rom. 14:7)

  • Live and die for the Lord (Rom. 14:8)

  • Are the Lord’s (Rom. 14:8)

  • Will stand before the judgment seat of God (Rom. 14:10)

  • Will each give an account to God (Rom. 14:12)

  • Accepted by Christ to the glory of God (Rom. 15:7)

  • Full of goodness (Rom. 15:14)

  • Filled with all knowledge (Rom. 15:14)

  • Able to admonish one another (Rom. 15:14)

  • Saints [holy ones] (Rom. 16:2)

Addendum on Romans 7

When it comes to interpreting who Paul intended the “I” or “wretched man” to represent in Rom. 7:7-25, there are four primary perspectives among theologians and scholars; that Paul is describing:

  • Himself as a present-day regenerate believer in his ongoing struggle against indwelling sin;

  • His personal experience as Saul of Tarsus prior to his conversion experience on the Damascus Road;

  • The history of Old Testament Israel in its strivings to achieve righteousness under the Law;

  • The experience of the whole human race in Adam locked into bondage to Sin and outside of the New Covenant in Christ.

The first two are individual interpretations, while in the second two the “I” is corporate—that is, Paul is role-playing; putting on the robe of Israel’s Prophets, such as Isaiah & Habakkuk before him, in personifying man’s collective condition outside of the New Covenant of grace.

Full disclosure—I favor either the third or fourth view, which is why none of the characteristics Paul uses in this section (e.g. “wretched man,” “sold into bondage under sin,” etc.) are listed as describing who we now are in Christ. They are included, but presented by implication as characteristic of who or what we were, but are no longer.

For further reading I suggest Robert Reymond’s paper Whom Does the Man in Romans 7:14-25 Represent for a balanced discussion of the various individual views, and Romans: The Divine Marriage by Tom Holland, a verse-by-verse exegesis of the Book of Romans from a corporate perspective.